Peptide sequences that target cytosolic proteins for lysosomal proteolysis. First report of endosomal microautophagy.ĭice, J. Microautophagy of cytosolic proteins by late endosomes. Identification of specific steps and morphological intermediates. Peroxisome degradation by microautophagy in Pichia pastoris. Sakai, Y., Koller, A., Rangell, L., Keller, G. Piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Autophagy, heterophagy, microautophagy and crinophagy as the means for intracellular degradation. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes. To be or not to be? How selective autophagy and cell death govern cell fate. These findings expand the physiological relevance of CMA beyond its originally identified role in protein quality control and reveal that CMA failure with age may aggravate diseases, such as ageing-associated neurodegeneration and cancer. Timely degradation of specific cellular proteins by CMA modulates, for example, glucose and lipid metabolism, DNA repair, cellular reprograming and the cellular response to stress. Recent studies modulating CMA activity in vivo using transgenic mouse models have demonstrated that selectivity confers on CMA the ability to participate in the regulation of multiple cellular functions.

Lysosomes can degrade cellular cytosol in a nonspecific manner but can also discriminate what to target for degradation with the involvement of a degradation tag, a chaperone and a sophisticated mechanism to make the selected proteins cross the lysosomal membrane through a dedicated translocation complex. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) was the first studied process that indicated that degradation of intracellular components by the lysosome can be selective - a concept that is now well accepted for other forms of autophagy.

Chaperone mediated autophagy